Your AI and Life Sciences Glossary

Designed to bridge the expertise and language between our two domains: machine learning and the life sciences.

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Accuracy

The overall percentage of correct predictions made by the system.

A
life

Agentic AI

Systems that go beyond simple Q&A to actively plan, decide, and execute multiple steps to solve complex problems.

A
life

Algorithm

The specific set of rules or calculations a system follows to solve a problem.

A

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The broad field of creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.

A

Bias

Systematic errors in AI predictions.

B
life

Context Engineering

The design of systems that provide the AI with the right information at the right time.

C
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Dataset

A structured collection of data used for training or testing.

D

Deep Learning (DL)

A sophisticated subset of Machine Learning that uses multi-layered neural networks.

D

Explainability (XAI)

The ability to trace and understand how an AI model reached a specific decision.

E

Extraction Pipeline

A specialized series of automated steps designed to identify and pull specific data points from text.

E
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Filtering / Screening

The AI-powered process of refining a broad search down to the most relevant results.

F

Generalization

The ability of an AI to perform consistently across new, unseen scenarios (e.g., different hospitals or therapeutic areas).

G

Generative AI

AI models capable of creating new content, such as text, images, or molecular structures.

G

Ground Truth

Verified, accurate data used as the absolute standard for training and evaluation.

G

Harness

The technical infrastructure or 'fence' wrapped around a Large Language Model.

H

Inference

The action of a trained model applying its knowledge to new, unseen data to make a decision.

I
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Large Language Model (LLM)

A type of AI model trained on massive text datasets to understand and generate human-like language.

L

Machine Learning (ML)

A subset of AI where algorithms improve through experience rather than explicit programming.

M

Model

The specific mathematical engine trained to recognize patterns and make predictions (distinct from the full software 'System').

M

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

The branch of AI focused on interpreting and generating human language.

N

Precision & Recall

Precision measures exactness (low noise); Recall measures completeness (no missed signals).

P

Prompt Engineering

The art of crafting precise instructions to guide Large Language Models.

P
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Proprietary Model

AI models built and owned exclusively by a company, trained on unique datasets to solve specific challenges.

P
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Structured Extraction

The process of identifying specific information (e.g., study results, author lists) within documents and organizing it into a standard format.

S

Structured vs. Unstructured Data

Structured Data is organized in fixed formats like databases; Unstructured Data is free-form like PDFs or notes.

S

Tree of Plausible Reasoning (ToPR)

A reasoning methodology where the AI explores multiple logical paths (a 'tree') before selecting the best answer.

T
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